The roulette in its nearly two hundred years of history has not changed much. Its principle of operation and its composed elements in the assembly have remained virtually the same. Of course also building techniques and materials have changed to add precision of manufacturing tolerances. Not least the use of specialized analysis software to detect any abnormal behaviour immediately, signalling the inevitable mechanical defects due to wear.
Solid wood (among the most used, the mahogany and cherry) must be able to support the wheel and hold all the numbers. The base must be flat and rest on adjustable pedestals. Its flatness is measured with the spirit levels or electronic. A base not perfectly flat can be considered irregular. The external shape of the base can vary and may be more or less thick, and is not subject to special precautions other than those to give strength and aesthetic grace. The dimensions are classical diameter 80 cm (32") for a height varying between 15 and 30 cm.
It must be bulging to prevent the ball to jump out during its run and its convex shape in a sort of tunnel in which the ball can slide without too much vibration and shocks. The outer edge rests on the wood of the hollow ring whose superintendent of the material is reinforced with hardener to prevent friction of the ball to ruin the wood ahead of time. This is another trick happened in the years when it was noted that the uneven wear of the edge (in addition to deposit micro particles of wood inside the cylinder) meant that the ball always slows at certain points.
This is a concave conical surface whose inclination has been changed over the years to prevent the ball rushing at top speed toward the centre (without even touching the diamond). It was therefore decided to reduce both the height and tilt, lowering and / or widened. This bowl is made of wood or fibreboard, treated to resist changes in temperature and humidity and to withstand knocks.
Also known as "diamonds" for their shape, the inserts are made of metal in relief of various geometric shapes with a surface and are designed to stop the travel of the ball making her fall down. Their number varies, ranging from 8 to 16, as well as their size which depends on the number and width of the basin. Their width is still usually between 3 and 5 cm.
For this type of impediment added over the years, there is no precise rules of construction, and is one of the elements (along the ring separator) that best establish the purpose and help to define the uniqueness of roulette.
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